Comprendere gli standard ferroviari: una guida completa

La rotaia è il componente principale della ferrovia. La sua funzione è quella di guidare in avanti le ruote del materiale rotabile, sopportare l'enorme pressione delle ruote e trasmetterla alle traversine ferroviarie. La rotaia deve fornire una superficie di rotolamento continua, liscia e con minima resistenza per le ruote. Nella tratta ferroviaria elettrificata o con bloccaggio automatico, la rotaia può essere utilizzata anche come circuito di binario. Il contenuto standard specifico dello standard ferroviario varia da paese a paese e da regione a regione, di seguito sono riportati alcuni esempi del contenuto principale di alcuni paesi e regioni dello standard ferroviario:

Stati Uniti (standard AREMA)

The major railroads in the United States use a range of standards, including those developed by AREMA (American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association), such as AREMA 115, AREMA 132, and others. AREMA standards cover all types of rails, including tracks, crossovers, turnouts, and more. They include detailed specifications for rail geometry, material requirements, dimensions, welding requirements, heat treatment, coating and other performance parameters.

Russia (norma GOST)

The Russian railroad system uses standards developed by GOST (Russian State Standard), such as GOST 8161, GOST 5876, etc. The Russian railroad system is based on the GOST standards. GOST 8161 includes technical conditions for different types of steel for railroad tracks, including material, dimensions, mechanical properties, etc. GOST 5876 specifies the requirements for steel for railroad tracks. GOST 5876 specifies the size and shape requirements for rails.

Cina (standard GB/T)

Chinese rail standards are usually set by China Railway Corporation (CRCC) and the National Standardization Administration of China (NSAC), and some of the common standards include GB/T 3414, GB/T 6995, and GB/T 2585. GB/T 3414 specifies the technical conditions of common rail, including rail type, size, material composition, mechanical properties, etc. The standard is based on the standard of GB/T 6995 and GB/T 2585. GB/T 6995 specifies the technical conditions of rails for high-speed railroads, including material properties, dimensions and performance parameters of high-speed railroads. YB/T 5050 specifies the technical conditions of rotaie in acciaio per gru, compreso il tipo di binario, le dimensioni, la composizione del materiale, le proprietà meccaniche e così via.

Giappone (norma JIS)

Japanese rail standards are developed by the Japan Railway Standardization Society (JRSK) and the Japan Railway Technology Institute (RTRI), among others. Some of the Japanese standards for rails include JIS E 1101, JIS E 1103, etc. JIS E 1101 specifies the chemical composition, dimensions and mechanical property requirements of steel for rail. JIS E 1103 specifies the dimensional and geometric requirements for different types of rails.

Europa (norme EN e UIC)

The standards used in the European railroad system are mainly based on specifications developed by EN (European Standard) and UIC (International Union of Railways). Some common European rail standards include EN 13674, EN 13675, UIC 860 and others. The EN 13674 standard covers a wide range of different types of rails, including different rail types and track grades. It covers the material properties, dimensions, and mechanical requirements of rails, as well as heat treatment and welding requirements.

India (standard IS)

Indian standards for steel rails are usually based on IS (Indian Standards Authority) such as IS 3443, IS 2062 etc. IS 3443 specifies the technical conditions of steel for rail, including chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional and quality requirements of the material. IS 2062 specifies the technical conditions of steel for general railways. Tieni presente che quelli sopra riportati sono solo alcuni esempi e che diversi paesi e regioni potrebbero avere regolamenti e requisiti più dettagliati nei propri standard. Per scoprire le specifiche di uno standard ferroviario per un particolare paese o regione, è possibile fare riferimento ai documenti ufficiali dell'organizzazione di standardizzazione pertinente o contattare l'amministrazione ferroviaria locale o l'ingegnere ferroviario per informazioni più dettagliate. Inoltre, questi standard vengono spesso aggiornati e rivisti nel tempo, quindi è importante assicurarsi di consultare la versione più recente dello standard per informazioni accurate.