Pag-unawa sa Mga Pamantayan sa Riles: Isang Komprehensibong Gabay

Ang riles ay ang pangunahing bahagi ng riles ng tren. Ang tungkulin nito ay gabayan ang mga gulong ng rolling stock pasulong, upang mapaglabanan ang napakalaking presyon ng mga gulong at ihatid ito sa mga natutulog sa tren. Ang riles ay dapat magbigay ng tuluy-tuloy, makinis at pinakamababang paglaban sa rolling surface para sa mga gulong. Sa electrified railway o automatic blocking section, ang rail ay maaari ding gamitin bilang track circuit. Ang partikular na pamantayang nilalaman ng riles ay nag-iiba-iba sa bawat bansa at rehiyon sa rehiyon, ang mga sumusunod ay ilang halimbawa ng pangunahing nilalaman ng ilang bansa at rehiyon ng pamantayan ng tren:

Estados Unidos (mga pamantayan ng AREMA)

The major railroads in the United States use a range of standards, including those developed by AREMA (American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association), such as AREMA 115, AREMA 132, and others. AREMA standards cover all types of rails, including tracks, crossovers, turnouts, and more. They include detailed specifications for rail geometry, material requirements, dimensions, welding requirements, heat treatment, coating and other performance parameters.

Russia (GOST standard)

The Russian railroad system uses standards developed by GOST (Russian State Standard), such as GOST 8161, GOST 5876, etc. The Russian railroad system is based on the GOST standards. GOST 8161 includes technical conditions for different types of steel for railroad tracks, including material, dimensions, mechanical properties, etc. GOST 5876 specifies the requirements for steel for railroad tracks. GOST 5876 specifies the size and shape requirements for rails.

China (GB/T standard)

Chinese rail standards are usually set by China Railway Corporation (CRCC) and the National Standardization Administration of China (NSAC), and some of the common standards include GB/T 3414, GB/T 6995, and GB/T 2585. GB/T 3414 specifies the technical conditions of common rail, including rail type, size, material composition, mechanical properties, etc. The standard is based on the standard of GB/T 6995 and GB/T 2585. GB/T 6995 specifies the technical conditions of rails for high-speed railroads, including material properties, dimensions and performance parameters of high-speed railroads. YB/T 5050 specifies the technical conditions of bakal na riles para sa mga kreyn, kabilang ang uri ng tren, sukat, komposisyon ng materyal, mga katangian ng mekanikal at iba pa.

Japan (JIS standard)

Japanese rail standards are developed by the Japan Railway Standardization Society (JRSK) and the Japan Railway Technology Institute (RTRI), among others. Some of the Japanese standards for rails include JIS E 1101, JIS E 1103, etc. JIS E 1101 specifies the chemical composition, dimensions and mechanical property requirements of steel for rail. JIS E 1103 specifies the dimensional and geometric requirements for different types of rails.

Europe (mga pamantayan ng EN at UIC)

The standards used in the European railroad system are mainly based on specifications developed by EN (European Standard) and UIC (International Union of Railways). Some common European rail standards include EN 13674, EN 13675, UIC 860 and others. The EN 13674 standard covers a wide range of different types of rails, including different rail types and track grades. It covers the material properties, dimensions, and mechanical requirements of rails, as well as heat treatment and welding requirements.

India (IS Standards)

Indian standards for steel rails are usually based on IS (Indian Standards Authority) such as IS 3443, IS 2062 etc. IS 3443 specifies the technical conditions of steel for rail, including chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional and quality requirements of the material. IS 2062 specifies the technical conditions of steel for general railways. Pakitandaan na ang nasa itaas ay ilan lamang sa mga halimbawa at ang iba't ibang bansa at rehiyon ay maaaring may mas detalyadong mga regulasyon at kinakailangan sa kanilang mga pamantayan. Upang malaman ang mga detalye ng isang pamantayan ng tren para sa isang partikular na bansa o rehiyon, maaari kang sumangguni sa mga opisyal na dokumento ng nauugnay na organisasyon ng mga pamantayan o makipag-ugnayan sa iyong lokal na administrasyon ng riles o inhinyero ng riles para sa mas detalyadong impormasyon. Bilang karagdagan, ang mga pamantayang ito ay madalas na ina-update at binago sa paglipas ng panahon, kaya mahalagang tiyaking kumonsulta ka sa pinakabagong bersyon ng pamantayan para sa tumpak na impormasyon.